Mendel performedhybridizationsbetween two true-breeding individuals that have different traits. Mendel ensured cross-pollination of the pea plants by removing the immature anthers from the plant’s flowers. These true-breeding plants in the first cross were called the P generation. The ratio of the characteristics in the P-F₁-F₂were the most intriguing and became the basis of Mendel’s laws.

Through this experiment, Mendel found that, of F₁一代植物,他们完全紫色;一个d of F₂generation plants, they had a ratio of approximately 3 violet flowers per one white flower, a ratio of 3:1. One of the two traits would disappear completely from the F1 generation only to reappear in the F₂generation. Thus Mendel concluded that characteristics could be divided intodominant一个drecessivetraits.

P generation

Parental generation in a cross

F₁generation

First filial generation in a cross; the offspring of the parental generation

F₂generation

Second filial generation produced when F1 individuals are self-crossed with each other